ยท The "Five Civilized Tribes" - the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole nations - signed treaties with the Confederate States of America and provided cavalry and mounted infantry units in the Trans-Mississippi theater during the American Civil War. The highest-ranking Native American was Brigadier General Stand Watie, the last Confederate general officer to surrender on June 23, 1865. To be fair, there were disagreements among the tribal leaders in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) at the time, and some Native Americans did organize and fight for the Union, primarily as members of three so-called "Home Guard" Regiments - the 1st, 2nd and 3rd.
Two of the Five Civilized Tribes inhabited Mississippi prior to their forced relocation - by the Federal Government - to Oklahoma territory. These were the Chickasaw and the Choctaw (see maps below). Both provided units to the Confederacy. The Chickasaw were the first Native American nation to sign a treaty with the Confederacy. It is probably safe to say that all the Five Civilized Tribes resented the United States government, which had forced them off their lands and failed to protect them against the Plains tribes in the West (see "Trail of Tears" map).
Here is a list of the Native American units that served the Confederacy (note that these units are not all necessarily separate units - they sometimes changed names over time, for instance from "regiment" to "battalion," etc.): NATIVE AMERICAN CONFEDERATE CAVALRY UNITS 1st Cherokee Cavalry Regiment (see Drew's Mounted Rifles) 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles 1st Cherokee Mounted Volunteers (see 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles) 1st Cherokee (Bryan's) Cavalry Battalion 1st (Cherokee) Partisan Rangers Battalion (see 1st (Bryan's) Cavalry Battalion) 1st Cherokee (Meyer's) Cavalry Battalion 1st Cherokee Squadron, Mounted Volunteers 2nd Cherokee Mounted Rifles Drew's Cherokee Mounted Rifles Faye's-Scales' (Cherokee) Cavalry Battalion 1st Chickasaw Cavalry Regiment 1st Chickasaw Infantry Regiment (see 1st Chickasaw Cavalry Regiment) 1st Chickasaw Cavalry Battalion Sheco's (Chickasaw) Cavalry Battalion 1st Choctaw Cavalry Regiment 1st Choctaw (Mississippi) Cavalry Battalion (see 1st Choctaw Cavalry Battalion) 1st Choctaw Mounted Rifles (see 1st Choctaw Cavalry Regiment) 1st Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles 1st Choctaw Cavalry War Regiment 1st Choctaw Cavalry Battalion 1st Choctaw (Folsom's) Cavalry Battalion 1st Choctaw (McCurtain's) Cavalry 2nd Choctaw Cavalry Regiment (see 1st Choctaw Cavalry War Regiment) 2nd Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles (see 1st Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles) 3rd Choctaw Cavalry Regiment Deneale's (Choctaw) Cavalry Regiment (see Deneale's Cavalry Battalion) Deneale's (Choctaw) Cavalry Battalion 1st Creek Cavalry Regiment 1st Creek Mounted Rifles (see 1st Creek Cavalry Regiment) 1st Creek Mounted Volunteers (see 1st Creek Cavalry Regiment) 1st Creek Cavalry Battalion 2nd Creek Cavalry 2nd Creek Mounted Rifles (see 2nd Creek Cavalry Regiment) 2nd Creek Mounted Volunteers (see 2nd Creek Cavalry Regiment) Kenard's (Creek) Cavalry Battalion Osage Cavalry Battalion 1st Seminole Cavalry Regiment (see 1st Seminole Cavalry Battalion) 1st Seminole Cavalry Battalion Reserve (Indian) Cavalry Squadron (see Washington's Cavalry Squadron) Washington's (Indian) Cavalry Squadron flag.
